Which rock is characterized as intermediate between basalt and gabbro, intruded near the surface?

The rock characterized as intermediate between basalt and gabbro, intruded near the surface, is dolerite, also known as diabase. This rock forms from the solidification of magma that has a composition similar to basalt but cools more slowly, typically occurring in shallow intrusions. This slower cooling allows for the development of larger crystals than those found in basalt, but it remains fine-grained enough in texture compared to gabbro, which is a coarser-grained rock that forms deeper in the Earth's crust.

Diorite and andesite, while related to intermediate compositions, do not fall directly in the classification of being intruded near the surface in the same manner as dolerite. Diorite has a composition that is more akin to granite and is generally coarse-grained, while andesite is commonly associated with volcanic activity and is generally fine-grained. Granite is a plutonic rock formed from the slow crystallization of magma beneath the surface and is not considered to be intermediate between basalt and gabbro in the same context as dolerite.

Thus, the unique formation conditions and location of dolerite give it the distinct classification as intermediate between the two other rock types in question.