Which process is responsible for the creation of igneous rocks?

The creation of igneous rocks is primarily the result of the solidification of magma. When magma, which is molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface, rises through the crust and cools, it solidifies to form igneous rocks. This cooling process can occur either beneath the surface, resulting in intrusive igneous rocks, or on the Earth's surface following a volcanic eruption, leading to extrusive igneous rocks. The temperature, pressure, and chemical composition of the magma influence the texture and mineral content of the resulting rocks.

Other processes listed, such as the evaporation of water, typically pertain to sedimentary rock formation, while metamorphic transformation involves the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure, and cementation of sediments refers to the processes involved in sedimentary rock formation. These processes do not contribute to the formation of igneous rocks, which are distinct in their origin and characteristics defined by the solidification of magma.