What type of rock is Basalt classified as?

Basalt is classified as an extrusive igneous rock. This classification arises from the manner in which basalt forms; it is produced from the cooling and solidification of lava that erupts onto the Earth's surface. Unlike intrusive igneous rocks, which crystallize slowly beneath the surface, extrusive rocks like basalt cool rapidly when exposed to atmospheric conditions, resulting in a fine-grained texture.

Basalt typically forms in volcanic regions and is characterized by its dark color and high iron and magnesium content. The formation process involves volcanic activity, where molten rock is expelled and then cools quickly, leading to the characteristic crystalline structure of basalt. This swift cooling process prevents the growth of large crystals, which is a hallmark of intrusive rocks. Understanding this classification is vital for recognizing the geological and volcanic processes involved in the formation of various rock types.