What layer of soil is characterized by being the deepest layer of the soil horizon?

The C Horizon is indeed the deepest layer of the soil profile, located below the A and B Horizons. This layer is primarily composed of weathered parent material and plays a crucial role in soil formation processes. It is the layer where less weathering occurs compared to the horizons above it, and it generally consists of unconsolidated rock or the material from which the soil is formed.

In contrast, the A Horizon (topsoil) is rich in organic matter and nutrients, making it vital for plant growth. The B Horizon (subsoil) accumulates minerals leached down from the upper layers and is typically denser and less fertile than the A Horizon. Meanwhile, the O Horizon consists mainly of organic matter, such as decomposed leaves and other plant material, and is found at the very surface. Understanding the functions and characteristics of these different soil layers is essential in fields such as agriculture, environmental science, and mining engineering, as they influence root growth, water retention, and the overall health of ecosystems.