What does physical or dynamic geology focus on?

Physical or dynamic geology primarily focuses on the material composition of the Earth as well as the processes that shape and change it over time. This branch of geology seeks to understand the physical properties of Earth materials, such as rocks and minerals, and examines the processes that lead to geological phenomena, including plate tectonics, volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, and more.

The study is often concerned with the how and why behind the Earth's structure and behavior, providing insights into natural events such as earthquakes, landslides, and other geological hazards. This encompasses a range of scientific disciplines, including mineralogy, petrology, and geophysics, all of which examine the Earth's physical attributes and the dynamic processes that affect its surface and interior.

Other options focus on different fields; for example, the history of life forms pertains to paleontology, changes in Earth's climate relate to climatology and environmental science, while the formation of galaxies falls within the realm of astronomy, not geology.